ovaries They are organs located in the abdominal cavity, on the sides of the uterus and connected to it by ligaments. Eggs, which are the main cells that ensure women's fertility, are stored in these organs. In addition, hormones secreted from the ovaries under the influence of hormones secreted from the brain ensure menstrual regularity.
ovarian cysts They are generally just liquid-filled structures. There are different types of ovarian cysts. Almost every woman has problems with her ovaries at some point in her life. cyst detectable. These cysts usually do not cause symptoms and do not even require treatment. However, sometimes cysts may develop depending on the type of cells they contain. hormone or similar substances and cause some complaints and symptoms. Cysts that secrete hormones or cause problems may contain solid structures as well as liquid.
The most common complaints are groin pain, pain during intercourse, feeling of fullness and pressure in the abdomen, and menstrual irregularities. If the cyst rotates around its stem or bursts, severe abdominal and groin pain may occur. The most common cause of simple cystsare hormonal irregularities. Normally, during each menstrual period, a simple cyst called a follicle, which can reach 2-2.5 cm in size, is formed in the ovaries. Then, when it cracks, ovulation occurs. If the woman does not become pregnant, she will menstruate approximately 14 days after this period. However, in cases of hormonal irregularities, this fluid-filled sac that carries the egg either does not crack and remains fixed, or continues to grow and develop. simple cyst turns into shape. These are usually unilateral and if they do not grow too large, they do not cause pain and often disappear on their own.
If the cysts exceed 5-6 cm, the risk of them rotating around their stems increases. And when such a situation develops, the possibility of removing the ovary will come to the fore, so the doctor usually prefers to intervene to prevent such a situation. Additionally, as cysts increase in diameter and ultrasonographyand if they show some other features (such as being seen in both ovaries, having a thick wall, observing solid structures inside, having structures extending beyond the cyst, having compartments inside, fluid accumulation in the abdomen, etc.), these cysts are considered to be cysts. malignant Since the probability of their occurrence increases, it is beneficial to intervene. Your doctor will tell you about this possibility at the end of the examination. If absolutely necessary, the type of operation is usually laparoscopy It should be in the form. In this way, since the abdominal folds are not cut, the person will be able to return to home and work in a short time and the post-operative complaints will be minimal. If the cyst is likely to be malignant, then the physician may also prefer open surgery.
In general, the main determinant of whether an ovarian cyst can be completely removed from the ovarian tissue is the type of cyst and its location within the ovarian tissue. Cysts with a simple structure usually can be easily removed from the surrounding intact ovarian tissue. "by stripping" They can be removed. Developing in the course of endometriosis disease chocolate cysts On the one hand, endometriosis disease can cause adhesions between the sexual organs and neighboring organs, and on the other hand, they are more difficult to remove because they are often deep in the ovarian tissue and usually in multiple numbers. Nevertheless, preservation of intact ovarian tissue is possible in most cases. dermoid cyst It is a cyst that is relatively difficult to remove, and in some cases, it may be difficult to find solid tissue as they spread to the entire ovarian tissue, and in rare cases, the ovarian tissue may need to be removed along with the cyst.
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If the ovarian tissue continues to maintain its viability in surgeries that show symptoms of suffocation and are performed under emergency conditions in most cases, it is possible to remove only the cyst, but unfortunately this probability is not very high. The type and size of the cyst determines how ovarian cysts will be removed. Medium-sized cysts that do not form adhesions with the surrounding tissue can be removed with this method without the need to open the abdomen, if there is no other obstacle for laparoscopy. As mentioned above, laparotomy (operation by opening the abdomen) is preferred for large cysts, cysts that have formed adhesions, and cysts that are suspected of being cancer.
What are the risks of cyst removal surgery?
Cyst removal surgeries are surgeries performed under general anesthesia. For this reason, possible risks due to general anesthesia may also occur in this surgery. Careful preliminary evaluation and anesthesia given by an experienced doctor greatly reduces these risks.
There is a risk of adhesions in the genital organs in all gynecological surgeries performed on the abdomen. When these adhesions are around the ovaries and tubes, they can negatively affect the functions of these organs and cause inability to become pregnant.
Although this risk can be reduced by completing the surgery in a short time and taking some additional precautions to minimize adhesion, it is not possible to prevent it completely even if a method that causes very little adhesion formation, such as laparoscopy, is used.
Although the priority in cyst removal surgeries is to remove only the cyst, it is not always possible to find intact ovarian tissue. For this reason, every woman should know about the possibility of removing the ovary on the side where the cyst is located in such surgeries.
If the cyst is thought to be cancerous during the surgery and this is confirmed by urgent pathological examination while the surgery is ongoing, a more extensive surgery may be required in which the uterus is removed along with both ovaries.
The technique used for cyst removal is another condition that affects the risks associated with surgery. There are risks posed by this method in open surgeries performed by laparotomy, that is, by entering through the abdomen, and there are risks posed by this method in surgeries performed by laparoscopy, i.e. surgeries performed through a camera without opening the abdomen through thin tubes. When an appropriate surgical technique is used, risks related to the surgical technique itself rarely occur.
In the presence of an ovarian cyst that is generally smaller than 5-6 cm and does not have the above-mentioned features, physicians birth control pill They will observe whether the cyst shrinks with an ovarian suppressant treatment such as: If there is no shrinkage, then they will decide whether to intervene or not. In addition to ultrasonography tumor markers some called blood tests It can also provide information about the structure of the cyst. The most commonly used of these assays is CA-125 is the marker called. However, it should not be forgotten that these markers may increase not only in malignant diseases but also in many simple events. But especially if they are low, it will prompt the physician to think positively.
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WHAT IS A CHOCOLATE CYST?
chocolate cyst endometriosis It is a type of cyst that occurs in the disease. When the condition called endometriosis occurs in the ovaries, a cyst containing a dark brown, stale blood-filled, chocolate-like liquid may form. That's why this chocolate cyst has been named. Suppressive treatments such as birth control pills generally do not provide significant shrinkage in chocolate cysts. If they exceed 5-6 cm, surgery may be required.
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WHAT IS POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN?
Although ovarian cysts are generally a single cyst, there are many millimetric cysts in the ovary.
This condition, called Polycystic Ovary (PCO), occurs as a result of ovulation being interrupted for a long time for any reason. The follicle, which must develop and crack every month, "pauses" at a certain stage of its development and remains in the ovarian tissue as a small cyst.
When this situation repeats for a long time, many cysts lined up side by side in the ovary. For this reason, the disease is called polycystic ovary (Latin: many cystic ovaries).
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